The Impact of Land Reclamation on Fisheries and Food Security: A Case Study of Sungai Batu, Penang

17 February 2025, Pulau Pinang, Land reclamation projects have become a common development strategy in coastal regions worldwide. However, these projects often come with significant environmental and socio-economic consequences. This paper examines the adverse effects of land reclamation on local fisheries and food security, focusing on the case of Sungai Batu, Penang. Through an interview with a local fisherman, this study highlights the concerns of the fishing community regarding the degradation of marine ecosystems and the potential threats to future generations’ food supply. The findings suggest that land reclamation projects must be carefully assessed to balance economic development with environmental sustainability.

Coastal areas have long been subject to land reclamation efforts to support urban expansion and economic development. However, such projects often pose severe risks to marine biodiversity, disrupt traditional livelihoods, and threaten food security. The fishing community of Sungai Batu, Penang, has recently protested against ongoing land reclamation activities, arguing that these projects have detrimental effects on their economic well-being and the region’s marine environment. This paper explores the perspectives of local fishermen, particularly the concerns raised by Tuan Haji Zakaria bin Ismail, a prominent figure in the fishing community.

Land reclamation alters the natural marine ecosystem, affecting fish populations and aquatic biodiversity. The displacement of marine species due to changes in water quality, sedimentation, and habitat destruction results in declining fish stocks. Consequently, local fishermen face economic hardships as their primary source of income diminishes. The degradation of marine habitats also affects the broader food supply chain, potentially leading to increased seafood prices and reduced accessibility for consumers.

According to Tuan Haji Zakaria bin Ismail, the primary concern of the local fishing community is not only their livelihood but also the sustainability of food resources for future generations. The disruption of marine ecosystems caused by land reclamation jeopardizes fish availability, raising concerns about long-term food security. He emphasizes that while economic development is essential, it should not come at the cost of depleting natural resources and endangering future food supplies.

To ensure a sustainable balance between development and environmental conservation, policymakers must implement comprehensive impact assessments before approving large-scale land reclamation projects. Community engagement, scientific studies, and alternative development strategies should be prioritized to mitigate negative consequences. Additionally, investment in sustainable fishing practices and marine conservation initiatives can help protect both local livelihoods and the broader food supply system.

The case of Sungai Batu, Penang, illustrates the pressing need to consider the environmental and socio-economic consequences of land reclamation. The voices of local fishermen underscore the importance of preserving marine ecosystems to maintain food security for future generations. Sustainable development approaches must be adopted to ensure that economic growth does not compromise the well-being of communities reliant on marine resources. As the call to “Save the Ocean, Save the Fishermen” resonates, it is imperative for all stakeholders to prioritize environmental sustainability alongside economic progress.